Desalination plants have an important concern regarding controlling the permeate flow rate and pH during operability. This paper proposes the proportional integral derivative (PID) control design using modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques called autonomous groups PSO (AGPSO) in the two-input two-output (TITO) RO desalination plant to control the permeate flow rate and... https://www.megavitamines.shop/product-category/copper/