Small-scale subsistence farmers in South Africa have been introduced to genetically modified (GM) crops for more than a decade. Little is known about i) the extent of transgene introgression into locally recycled seed. ii) what short and long-term ecological and socioeconomic impacts such mixing of seeds might have. iii) how the farmers perceive GM crops. https://www.parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/vit-a-wrinkle-creme/